What is the rarest residence pattern among primates?

The rarest residence pattern among primates is one-female, multimale, also known as polyandrous. This mating system is characterized by one female mating with multiple males, while these males often provide support, protection, and resources for the female and her offspring.

In primate social structures, this pattern is uncommon compared to others such as polygyny (one male mates with multiple females) and monogamy (one male and one female), which are more frequently observed. The polyandrous system often occurs in species where environmental pressures necessitate cooperative breeding strategies, helping ensure the survival of offspring in challenging conditions. The rarity of this pattern highlights its specific adaptability to certain ecological contexts rather than a common preference among primate groups.

The other patterns, like polygynous and monogamous systems, are more prevalent and can be attributed to stronger sexual selection pressures or social structures favoring these arrangements, making one-female, multimale a statistically uncommon residence pattern among primates.