What reproductive strategy in primate males leads to larger body size and canine size due to competition for access to females?

The concept of sexual selection is crucial in understanding the reproductive strategies of primate males. Sexual selection refers to the evolutionary pressure that arises from competition for mates. In many species, including primates, males often exhibit larger body sizes and more pronounced canine teeth as a result of this competition.

Larger males may have an advantage in fighting off rivals or displaying dominance to attract females. Similarly, larger canines can serve as weapons during these contests, helping males secure mating opportunities. Thus, the traits that enhance a male's success in reproductive endeavors become more pronounced over generations through sexual selection.

In contrast, other forms of selection, such as natural selection, focus more broadly on survival advantages rather than mating competition specifically. Artificial selection is driven by human choices rather than natural processes, and group selection pertains to traits beneficial for the entire group rather than individual reproductive success. Therefore, the specific context of competition among males for access to females and the resulting adaptations clearly highlights sexual selection as the correct answer.